76 ．The American Rebellion ：Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative of His Campaigns ，1775-1782，ed.William B．Willcox（New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，1954），p.70.
77 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.18，19，135.
78 ．Ibid.，pp.19-20；Nickerson，The Turning Point of The Revolution ，pp.229，247，260，265；Luzader，Saratoga ，pp.103，111.
79 ．Nickerson，The Turning Point of The Revolution ，pp.189，190；Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，pp.155，156；Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.274-75.
80 ．Ibid.，pp.275-76.
81 ．“Observations，memoranda and evidence upon General Burgoyne's expedition in 1777，”Historical Manuscripts Commission，Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ，2：89；Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.15-16.
82 ．The Annual Register ，in Rebellion in America ：A Contemporary British Viewpoint ，1769-1783, ed.David H．Murdoch（Santa Barbara，Calif.：Clio Books，1979），p.705；Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.62，68，23.
83 ．Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，p.275；“Notes of General Burgoyne's Speech to the House of Commons，”May 26，1778，Historical Manuscripts Commission，Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ，2：113；Brown，Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution ，p.47.
84 ．W.J.Wood，Battles of the Revolutionary War 1775-1781，2d ed.（New York：Da Capo Press，2003），pp.132-72.
85 ．Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，pp.160-61.
86 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.23，57，69，70，103，162，163；Jackman，With Burgoyne from Quebec ，pp.176-77.
87 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，p.166；Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，p.166.
88 ．Willcox，The American Rebellion ，pp.72，83；Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.286-87.
89 ．Nickerson，The Turning Point of The Revolution ，p.353；Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American ，p.163；Luzader，Saratoga ，pp.323-24；ibid.，pp.287-89，Luzader提出了一个否定阿诺德重要作用的有趣理由。伯戈因及其属下军官在A State of the Expedition ，pp.26，60中过誉阿诺德。
90 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.169，170-71，172，173，174.
91 ．Brown，Baroness von Riedesel and the American Revolution，ed.Brown，pp.55-56，59.
92 ．Luzader，Saratoga ，pp.323-24.
93 ．Lamb，An Original and Authentic Journal of Occurrences During the Late American War ，p.174；Nickerson，The Turning Point of the Revolution ，p.400；Luzader，Saratoga ，p.335.
94 ．Jane Clark，“The Convention Troops and the Perfidy of Sir William Howe，”American Historical Review 37，no.4（July 1932）：721-22；Sampson，Escape in America ，p.55.
95 ．Ibid.，p.184；Kranish，Flight from Monticello ，pp.105-7，109-13；Philander D．Chase，“Years of Hardship and Revelations：The Convention Army at Albemarle Barracks 1779-1781，”Magazine of Albemarle County History ，no.41（1983）：9-53；Peter Nicolaisen，“Thomas Jefferson and Friedrich Wilhelm von Giesmar：A Transatlantic Friendship，”ibid.，no.64（2006）：1-27；Davis，Where a Man Can Go ，pp.101-2.
96 ．Burgoyne to his nieces，October 20，1777，Burgoyne to Colonel Phillipson，October 20，1777 in Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.316-17，313.
97 ．Ibid.，pp.313-15；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，p.47.
98 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，p.187；Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，p.231.
99 ．Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，p.230；Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.vii，122.
100 ．Burgoyne to Lord Sydney，October 29，1784，in Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，p.439；Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，p.259.
101 ．Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：45-46；Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，p.250.
102 ．William Seymour，The Price of Folly ：British Blunders in the War of American Independence （London：Brassey's，1995），pp.247-48.作者是约翰•福克斯•伯戈因（John Fox Burgoyne）的重孙辈。
103 ．Hargrove，Gentleman John Burgoyne ，p.263；Lunt，John Burgoyne of Saratoga ，p.329；Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.463-64，466.
104 ．Burgoyne to Germain，August 20，in Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.174-75；John Burgoyne，A Letter from Lieut.Gen.Burgoyne to his Constituents upon his Late Resignation with Correspondence between the Secretaries of War and him relative to his Return to America （London：J.Almon，1779），p.8.
105 ．Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，pp.133-34，135.
106 ．Ibid.，pp.140，152.
107 ．Lunt，John Burgoyne of Saratoga ，p.273；Burgoyne，A State of the Expedition ，p.167；Burgoyne to Germain，August 20，1777，Burgoyne to Phillipson，October 20，1777m Fonblanque，Political and Military Episodes in the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century ，pp.274，315-16；Lunt，John Burgoyne of Saratoga ，p.273.
108．Richard W．Van Alstyne，“Great Britain，the War of Independence，and the ‘Gathering Storm’ in Europe，1775-1778，”Huntingdon Library Quarterly 27，no.4（August 1964）：339-40，中认为，法国在获得萨拉托加之战的消息堑，已经准备参战。转折点在1777年的9月，法国、西班牙和英国决定向西印度投入更多海军资源。
第五章
1 ．A.F.Steuart，ed.，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole During the Reign of George Ⅲ，2 vols.（London：John Lane，1910），2：208-9.
2 ．其证词构成国会调查的组成部分，见John Almon and John Debrett，eds.，Parliamentary Register ；or History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons ，62 vols.（London：J.Debrett，1775-96），13：1-1539。了解调查的全部过程，从豪最初提议公开其与杰曼的通信，到6月30谗终止，参见 ibid.，vols.10-12；William Cobbett and Thomas Hansard，eds.，The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to 1803，36 vols.（London：Hansard，1806-22），col.X；Alan Valentine，Lord North ，2 vols.（Norman：University of Oklahoma Press，1967），2：84；The History of Parliament ：The House of Commons 1754-1790，ed.Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke，3 vols.（London：H.M.Stationery Office，1964），3：666；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：208.；C.F.Adams，“Contemporary Opinion on the Howes，”Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 3d ser.，44（November 1910），p.115。
3 ．The Annual Register ，in Rebellion in America ：A Contemporary British Viewpoint 1765-1783，ed .David H．Murdoch（Santa Barbara，Calif.：Clio Books，1979），p.694；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：142，144.
4 ．George Ⅲ to North [January 1778]，The Correspondence of King George the Third from 1760 to December 1783，ed.Sir John Fortescue，6 vols.（London：Macmillan，1927-28），4：13；Germain to North，May 12，1778，Historical Manuscripts Commission，Report on the Manuscripts of Mrs.Stopford-Sackville of Drayton House ，Northamptonshire ，2 vols.（London：H.M.Stationery Office，1910），1：73；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：143，67，172；Germain to North，September 13，1779，Historical Manuscripts Commission，Stopford-Sackville Manuscripts ，2：141；George H．Guttridge，“Lord George Germain in Office，1775-1782，”American Historical Review ，33，no.1（October 1927）：38.
5 ．The Annual Register ，in Murdoch，Rebellion in America ，p.766；The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall 1772-1784, ed.Henry B．Wheatley，5 vols.（1836；repr.London：Bickers & Son，1884），1：240；Memoirs of Richard Cumberland ：London 1806，ed.Henry Flanders，（1856；repr.New York：Richard Bloom，1969），pp.232，233.
6 ．Edmond G．P.Fitzmaurice，Life of William Earl of Shelburne afterwards First Marquis of Lansdowne with Extracts of his Papers and Correspondence ，3 vols.（London：Macmillan，1875-76），1：362，363；Richard Cumberland，Character of the Late Lord Viscount Sackville （London：C.Dilly，1785），p.4；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，1：385.
7 ．Cumberland，Character of the Late Lord Viscount Sackville ，pp.3-4，7，9，11；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，1：208，385.
8 ．Namier and Brooke，The History of Parliament ，3：390，394.
9 ．Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，1：388-89，366；Troy Bickham，Making Headlines ：The American Revolution as Seen through the British Press （DeKalb：Northern Illinois University Press，2009），p.95.
10 ．Cumberland，Character of the Late Lord Viscount Sackville ，p.18；Piers Mackesy，The Coward of Minden ；The Affair of Lord George Sackville （London：Alan Lane，1979），p.29；Alan Valentine，Lord George Germain （Oxford：Oxford University Press，1962），pp.13，39，42.
11 ．Gerald S．Brown，“The Court Martial of Lord George Sackville，Whipping Boy of the Revolutionary War，”William and Mary Quarterly ，3d ser.，9，no.3（July 1952）：325；Richard Middleton，The Bells of Victory ：The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and the Conduct of the Seven Years' War 1757-1762（Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1985），p.130.
12 ．Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：223；Brown，“The Court Martial of Lord George Sackville，”pp.326，333；Brendan Simms，Three Victories and a Defeat ：The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire ，1714-1783（New York：Basic Books，2007），p.452.
13 ．Mark Urban，Fusiliers ：The Saga of a British Redcoat Regiment in the American Revolution （New York：Walter，2007），p.8；Valentine，Lord George Germain ，p.46；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：47；Horace Walpole，Memoirs of the Reign of King George Ⅲ，ed.Derek Jarrett，4 vols.（New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，2000），4：211-12.
14 ．Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：541，8，180.
15 ．Ibid.，1：47，326，328，2：48，61；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，1：326，383；The Diary and Letters of His Excellency Thomas Hutchinson ，Esq .，ed.Peter Orlando Hutchinson，2 vols.（New York：Burt Franklin，1971），January 25，1775，2：11；entry in diary of Judge Oliver，December 1，1776，ibid.，2：12，120.
16 ．Cumberland，Character of the Late Lord Viscount Sackville ，p.3；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：75，80；The Annual Register ，in Murdoch，Rebellion in America ，p.53；Steuart，The Last Journals of Horace Walpole ，2：81.
